Labor Force

In any industry or organization administration laborers do raise a few grumblings because of the manner in which their managers treat them or because of the state of working place.â These are a portion of the protests the majority of laborers do raise.â Service laborers on occasion whine about low compensation, no advantages and absence of compelling correspondence from their employers.â Other issues, for example, laborers being dealt with like slave workers without any breaks and inappropriate behavior by he employers.â Problems, for example, political, tallness and weight segregation are additionally looked by workers.â Some specialists are ridiculed either in light of the fact that they are excessively short, tall or overweight.â Last issue is disappointment by business to give wellbeing devices to its representatives. So as to tackle the above issues raised by laborers, associations have been seen as of help.â Unions consistently attempt to dissect laborers issues and attempt to shield them against dangers from their employers.â â For a situation where security devices are to be given, associations do help them in acquiring these wellbeing measures.â Just like in oil mining fields gumboots and protective caps are vital in view of mishaps. Most specialists will in general flee from occupations on the grounds that there is no wellbeing at the work place (Gus, 1995). A portion of the reasons why new neckline laborers would not need similar advantages and clout that manual specialists had the option to get by unionization are:â New neckline laborers get more advantages while hands on laborers get less benefits.â This causes aggregate bartering to turn out to be hard a direct result of the difference.â The more advantages you get the more grounded the dealing power.â industrial laborers are saved money and retirement age is consistently somewhat early. Since manual specialists are impacted by their bosses they are consistently apprehensive particularly in introducing their complaints. They dread dangers of being sacked by their bosses, which may make them free their occupations (Gani, 1996). New neckline laborers might be reluctant to join an association particularly when they understand that there are no advantages in what the association needs to offer.â Normally laborers need benefits that aggregate dealing can bring however on the off chance that the association is found to have no teeth to secure their advantage then unionization is viewed as useless.â Another motivation behind why new neckline laborers might be hesitant to join associations originates from the impact of businesses. A few businesses use gap and rule strategies where they hold gatherings with individual employee.â For this situation they send messages of dangers in the workforce alerted laborers that they chance suspension.â New neckline laborers additionally become hesitant to join associations as a result of absence of patience.â Most of them come up short on that an ideal opportunity to stand by long with regards to battling to accomplish what they need (Michael, 2003). The future possibilities of association in administration industry as indicated by my inclination are that it might wind up blurring with time.â This is on the grounds that the greater part of these associations don't focus on their center goals why they were formed.â Workers are pulling back from the associations since they believe they are bamboozled where by the framework that is assume to assist them with ensuring there is carrying out no responsibility. References Gani, Aâ â (1996). Worldwide Journal Manpower: Who Joins the Unions and Why (pp54 †55) Mc B. up Ltd. Gus, T. (1995).â Look for the Union Label. Me Sharpe Publishers. New York Michael, D. (2003).â Why Unions Makers.â Amazon.com Books Publishers. New York. Â

Discussion Board (1) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conversation Board (1) - Essay Example As a system, what one element does with respect to criminal equity will influence all. Thinking about these definitions, the American criminal equity framework is best characterized as a procedure since: 1) there are qualifications among substances in criminal equity foundation, 2) activities of one office are not associated upon another and 3) collaboration among offices takes out recognizable proof as a non-framework. The American criminal equity framework works through an assortment of roads. How things are actualized explicitly â€Å"varies from state to state, and the government criminal equity framework has its own principles, strategies, and terms to portray the phases of the proceedings† (Bennett, n.d.). By and large, be that as it may, things will in general follow a comparative example. Initial, an individual reports a wrongdoing. This individual can be â€Å"families, neighborhood affiliations, business, industry, farming, instructive establishments, the news media, or some other private division entity† (â€Å"Criminal Justice†, n.d.). From here the law authorization office, (as a rule at a nearby level now), experiences its own strategies for deciding whether a suspect is liable and should be captured. On the off chance that the suspect is captured, â€Å"then law authorization organizations present the grievance and data and about the blamed to the examiner, who w ill choose if formal accuses will be documented of the court (pre-arraignment events)† (â€Å"Criminal Justice†, n.d.). On the off chance that charges aren’t dropped, the denounced will experience a bail hearing, which will decide whether a presume will be permitted to achieve their opportunity while on bond. At that point there is the arraignment which â€Å"is the conventional introduction of charges in open court and where an adjudicator considers proof the examiner presents to choose whether there is reasonable justification to help the charges against the defendant† (â€Å"Criminal Justice†, n.d.). Supplication

Implementation of Students Feedback in Higher Learning Institutions, Term Paper

Implementation of Students' Feedback in Higher Learning Institutions, Term Paper Implementation of Students' Feedback in Higher Learning Institutions, Benefits and Challenges of Feedback â€" Term Paper Example > The paper “ Implementation of Students’ Feedback in Higher Learning Institutions, Benefits and Challenges of Feedback”   is a meaningful example of a   term paper on education. Many institutions of higher learning have adopted feedback processes to improve the quality of education and other important services they offer to their students. Research findings have shown that feedback systems contribute positive ideas to institutions and they open up opportunities for engagement between all stakeholders in a higher learning environment. However, some institutions still do not know the appropriate tools they can use to enhance their feedback systems. This discourages effective student engagement and participation in important activities that improve academically as well as other forms of performance in a higher learning institution. All stakeholders need to come up with appropriate techniques to ensure feedback systems attain the intended outcomes. University Students’ FeedbackFeedback is an important concept in higher learning because it helps university students engage with their tutors and fellow students on different topics they are studying. Students can use various tools to keep in touch with their tutors to gain more knowledge on different topics they are interested in learning. This exposes them to various problem-solving approaches that improve their analytical skills. An important issue to consider is that time limits and the inability to access tutors may make this learning approach difficult to implement. In some instances, students may not understand the importance of feedback in learning and this is likely to result in poor usage of this approach for learning purposes. This paper will examine the efficacy of using student feedback in learning and the benefits and challenges that are associated with its application in higher education. 2.0 BackgroundVarious educational experts have insisted that feedback brings about a lot of benefits to students in different learning environments. Student engagement is one of the most effective ways in which a student can attain his expectations in a particular learning environment. Feedback allows students to develop their skills because they are able to engage with their lecturers to understand their weaknesses and strengths (Kuh, 2009). Through feedback, students are able to learn important educational activities that are crucial to their development and this levels the playing field in higher learning. Additionally, students are able to collect and share resources through collaborations that have mutual benefits for all participants. This is important in helping educational institutions attain their goals in an effective way. For student engagement and feedback to gain the desired results, all participants need to be willing to invest their time and resources in activities t hat are potentially beneficial to their development. Graham et al. (2007) insist that virtual learning environments are becoming important features of higher learning. Distance learning offers opportunities for learners and their tutors to use various technological tools at their disposal to engage and share ideas that help them increase their knowledge in different courses they are learning. Many universities have incorporated technological concepts in their learning and teaching formats which encourage students to give feedback at their own convenience. Therefore, virtual learning environments encourage students to participate more in class discussions compared to traditional learning environments. Some students can express themselves better in a virtual learning environment because there are fewer interaction barriers compared to other learning formats. The ease in communication makes it possible for all participants to choose a suitable time to interact and exchange ideas to increase their knowledge on relevant topics related to their courses.

Essay about Alzheimers Disease - 1082 Words

Alzheimers Disease If we accept that the brains ability to fill in the blanks about each experience we have, then we can conclude that our past is indeed partially our own brains creature. However, there are still some norms created by people that define certain experiences as normal and others as not. What happens when a person starts to behave ab-normally? How is his/her brain filling the blanks in a different manner? To discuss this subject we would discuss the most common form of dementia among old people, the Alzheimers disease. Dementia is a brain disorder, a loss of intellectual function (thinking, remembering, reasoning), which substantially affects a persons ability to carry out daily activities.†¦show more content†¦Thus, the ability of the person to participate in normal interaction with other people is severely damaged. (3) The experiencing of the world and the way the patient reacts to it is radically influenced by this unhealthy interaction within the brain. The initial symptoms involve mild forgetfulness of recent events, activities or familiar people/things. In the process of development of the disease, skills acquired throughout the life of the patients such as brushing the teeth, easting with a fork and a knife are forgotten; thoughts are very unclear, and behavior becomes unable to be subordinated to normal human life norms. All the clues the brain has learned so as to be able to fill in the blank in everyday life have been forgotten. (3) The symptoms of the disease are predominantly behavioral – agitation, anxiety, depression or sleeplessness, in general mood swings a feeling of withdrawnness. (1) Main characteristics are personality changes, impairment of judgment (4) Plaques and tangles develop in the brain, leading to the death of brain cells. The rate of progression can vary from 3 to 20 years with the final stage being common to all – a complete incapability of taking care of oneself. There is a list of warning signs developed by researchers that are used as base for judgment of resemblance of a medical condition to AD and the potential further examination this could prompt. Among the major signs, as formulated byShow MoreRelatedAlzheimers Disease945 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s Disease is a progressive neurological disease; it often attacks the brain tissues causing memory loss of one’s identity and regular behaviors. Statistics indicates that the rate of predicted people to get Alzheimer’s will increase briskly as time goes on. There are currently no cures for such disastrous disease, but there are currently approved treatments available that can help people within the early stages of Alzheimer’s. Once the disease is too far alongRead MoreAlzheimers Disease3170 Words   |  13 PagesThe Role of Caregiving to Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease Megan Zann April 27, 2012 Health Psychology Dr. Ackerman Introduction It is normal to periodically forget your keys or a homework assignment, because you generally remember these things later. However, individuals who suffer from Alzheimer’s disease may forget things more often, but they do not remember them again. The incidence of Alzheimer’s disease has dramatically increased because people are living longer. This is a result ofRead MoreEssay on Alzheimers Disease1503 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Alzheimer’s disease is a form of dementia that gets worse over time. It leads to nerve cell death, and tissue loss throughout the brain. Over time, the brain shrinks dramatically, affecting nearly all its functions. It gradually destroys a persons memory and ability to learn and carry out daily activities such as talking, eating, and going to the bathroom† (What Is Alzheimer’s). Early symptoms include personality changes, memory impairment, problems with language, decision-making ability, judgmentRead MoreAlzheimers Dis ease Essay2414 Words   |  10 PagesAlzheimers Disease Alzheimer’s disease is the disease of the century. This disease is affecting many lives, families, and caregivers. This research presented is to help educate on the topic of Alzheimer’s disease, which many people aren’t aware enough about. Statistics are given to show how extreme this disease is, and how many people it’s affecting in society. Also statistics are presented that give the amount of money being spent relating to Alzheimer’s disease. This research explainsRead MoreAlzheimer’s Disease Essay2544 Words   |  11 PagesAlzheimer’s disease defined: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, terminal, degenerative brain disease. It is the fourth leading cause of death in adults and currently affects over four million people in the United States. This number is expected to increase over the next several years as the baby boomers age, until it reaches fourteen million by the year 2025. Alzheimer disease generally occurs in people over seventy five years of age; however it does strike people in their forties, fiftiesRead MoreEssay on Alzheimers Disease2405 Words   |  10 PagesAlzheimers Disease is a condition that affects 50% of the population over the age of eighty five, which equals four million Americans each year. It is becoming an important and high-profile issue in todays society for everyone. There are rapid advancements being made in the fight against this disease now more than ever, and the purpose of this essay is to educate the public on the background as well as the new discoveries. There are many new drugs that are being tested and studied every day whichRead MoreEssay on Alzheimers Disease813 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Topic: Alzheimer’s Disease Specific Purpose: To help my audience understand what Alzheimer’s Disease is. Thesis Statement: The need to educate people on Alzheimer’s Disease for family members or friends in-case a loved one is diagnosed. Introduction: A. What would one do if their family member or friend knew of someone who was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease? What would they do to help or take care of this family member? Well, I work in a nursing home with the elderly with this diseaseRead MoreAlzheimers Disease Essay2168 Words   |  9 PagesAlzheimer’s disease or AD is an incurable disorder of the brain that results in loss of normal brain structure and function. In an AD brain, normal brain tissue is slowly replaced by structures called plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The plaques represent a naturally occurring sticky protein called beta amyloid and in an Alzheimer’s brain, sufferer’s tend to accumulate too much of this protein. Neurofibrillary tangles represent collapsed tau proteins which, in a normal brain along with microtubulesRead MoreEssay on Alzheimers Disease 512 Words   |  3 Pagesmajor medical advancements like the world has never seen before, some diseases still continue t o plague the human race and confuse even some of the brightest scientists today. Unfortunately, Alzheimer Disease (AD) is one of them and it affects between 2.4 and 4.5 million people in America. Alzheimer’s is usually diagnosed in people over the age of 65, but in rarer cases people as young as 16 have it. Since it is a degenerative disease, patients develop it with few symptoms at an earlier stage, but thenRead More Alzheimer’s Disease Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s Disease is a disease of the future. With the growing aged population, this disease, which affects primarily the elderly, will become of increasing relevance to the medical profession. Also, the high frequency of Alzheimer’s, and the high cost in labor, money, and material of caring for its victims shall put considerable burden on the society as a whole. Here, however, these issues are not going to be debated. Instead the pathology of Alzheimer’s will be reviewed

The Cuban Missile Crisis Was A Harsh Time During The Cold War

The Cuban Missile Crisis was a harsh time during the Cold War. About 50 years ago the USA and the USSR were at each others throat for a very pointless reason. This basically started because USSR planted nuclear bombs in Cuba which was pretty close to Florida. John F. Kennedy was the president at this time and he was not to fond of that idea. October 1962, JFK was warned that the USSR had the nuclear weapons set up in Cuba ready to attack and as a result of this situation, Kennedy then also placed nuclear bombs in Cuba. The USSR found out about Kennedy’s plans and this was the start of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Both the United States and the USSR were at each others throat, and if they were to continue the stalemate any longer, they would have started a nuclear war. According to the treaty between the US and the USSR, it basically states that although many people believe that the US did not have the right to do what they did, they actually had every right to do it. There are t wo main reasons why the US had the right to do this and it is because the treaty between the US and the USSR states that the US was able to and had the right to intervene and because the US did not sign the peace treaty that USSR offered them so they were able to attack. The treaty between the US and the USSR states that the US was able and had the right to intervene. In Article VII of the treaty it states, â€Å"To enable the United States to maintain the independence of Cuba, and to protect the peopleShow MoreRelatedThe Kennedy Administration Properly Handels the Cuban Missile Crisis1385 Words   |  6 PagesThe Kennedy Administration adverted many catastrophes during its shortened term using its leaders young mind and ability to negotiate with their peers. The Cold War tested the young John F. Kennedy because he had to stay composed to his country yet control the melt down his administration had just been put through with The Bay of Pigs Invasion. 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The Embarg o on Cuba was a part of America’s Cold War strategy against the Soviet Union, imposed on the basis that Cuba was a threat to the U.S. National Security because of their alliance with the Soviet Union. Although Cuba would like the U.S to terminate the embargo against their country, the U.S. wants Cuba to make their situation a better living environment and to promote human rights for its citizens. The Cuban Embargo,Read MoreKennedy and Khrushchev Essay2085 Words   |  9 Pagesin Cuba was imminent and prepared to fight against American troops. The Vienna Summit in 1961 outlined the desire to takeover Berlin, a crucial European city for American and Soviet presence during the Cold War. Khrushchev and the Soviet Union approached the United States and JFK with prudence because of obvious military inferiority. 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Racism in the Adventure of Huckleberry Finn Free Essays

Huckleberry Finn is a wonderful book that captures the heart of the reader in its brilliance and innocence. Despite many critics have attacked its racist perspective;the piece merely represents a reality that occurred during antebellum America,the setting of the novel. Twain’s literary devices in capturing the focal of excitement,adventure,and human sympathy is a wonderful novel that should be recognized,not for bigotry, but that it is the candid viewpoint of a boy that grew up in that era. We will write a custom essay sample on Racism in the Adventure of Huckleberry Finn or any similar topic only for you Order Now And even then,the protagonist does overcome some social prejudices of slavery because he is concerned with the well-being of his runaway slave friend Jim. That the mockery of the slave race in the end allowed by Huck is more about fulfilling the awes of Huck towards Tom. The novel is a success because it does not fail to capture the one singular point of growing up for Huck:boyhood. Mark Twain definitely characterizes the protagonist,the intelligent and sympathetic Huckleberry Finn,by the direct candid manner of writing as though through the actual voice of Huck. Every word,thought, and speech by Huck is so precise it reflects even the racism and black stereotypes typical of the era. And this has lead to many conflicting battles by various readers since the first print of the novel,though inspiring some. Says John H. Wallace,outraged by Twain’s constant use of the degrading and white supremacist word‘nigger’,†[The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is]the most grotesque example of racist trash ever written†(Mark Twain Journal by Thadious Davis,Fall 1984 and Spring 1985). Yet,again to counter that is a quote by the great American writer Ernest Hemingway,†All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn†¦it’s the best book we’ve had†¦There has been nothing as good since†(The Green Hills of Africa [Scribner’s. 1953]22). The controversy behind the novel has been and will always remain the crux of any readers is still truly racism. Twain surely does use the word‘nigger’often,both as a referral to the slave Jim and any African-American that Huck comes across and as the epitome of insult and inferiority. However,the reader must also not fail to recognize that this style of racism,this malicious treatment of African- Americans,this degrading attitude towards them is all stylized of the pre- Civil War tradition. Racism is only mentioned in the novel as an object of natural course and a precision to the actual views of the setting then. Huckleberry Finn still stands as a powerful portrayal of experience through the newfound eyes of an innocent boy. Huck only says and treats the African-American culture accordingly with the society that he was raised in. To say anything different would truly be out of place and setting of the era.Twain’s literary style in capturing the novel,Huck’s casual attitude and candid position,and Jim’s undoubted acceptance of the oppression by the names all signifies this. The thesis has three chapters. Chapter one is introduction of the whole work. Chapter two give some information about the criticism literature. Chapter three give a deep look at the research about the racial problems in the book Huck Finn. Chapter four is the conclusion part. 1 Literature Review Literary criticism is an attempt to evaluate and understand the creative writing,the literature of an author.Literature includes plays, essays,novels,poetry,and short stories. Literary criticism is a description,analysis,evaluation,or interpretation of a particular literary work or an author’s writings as a whole. Literary criticism is usually expressed in the form of a critical essay. In-depth book reviews are also sometimes viewed as literary criticism. Controversial in death as he was in life,Mark Twain has been seriously accused by some of being a†racist writer,†whose writing is offensive to black readers,perpetuates cheap slave-era stereotypes,and deserves no place on today’s bookshelves.To those of us who have drunk gratefully of Twain’s wisdom and humanity,such accusations are ludicrous. But for some people they clearly touch a raw nerve,and for that reason they deserve a serious answer. Let’s look at the book that is most commonly singled out for this criticism,the novel that Ernest Hemingway identified as the source of all American literature:The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. For Twain’s critics,the novel is racist on the face of it,and for the most obvious reason:many characters use the word†nigger†throughout.But since the action of the book takes place in the south twenty years before the Civil War,it would be amazing if they didn’t use that word. A closer reading also reveals Twain’s serious satiric intent. In one scene,for instance,Aunt Sally hears of a steamboat explosion. â€Å"Good gracious! anybody hurt? â€Å"she asks. â€Å"No’m,†comes the answer. â€Å"Killed a nigger. † But anyone who imagines that Mark Twain meant this literally is 580 SCIENCE;TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION2010 5? missing the point.Rather,Twain is using this casual dialogue ironically, as a way to underscore the chilling truth about the old south,that it was a society where perfectly†nice†people didn’t consider the death of a black person worth their notice. To drive the point home,Twain has the lady continue: â€Å"Well,it’s lucky,because sometimes people do get hurt. † That’s a small case in point. But what is the book really about? It’s about nothing less than freedom and the quest for freedom. It’s about a slave who breaks the law and risks his life to win his freedom and be reunited with his family,and a white boy who becomes his friend and helps him escape.Because of his upbringing,the boy starts out believing that slavery is part of the natural order;but as the story unfolds he wrestles with his conscience,and when the crucial moment comes he decides he will be damned to the flames of hell rather than betray his black friend. And Jim,as Twain presents him,is hardly a caricature. Rather,he is the moral center of the book,a man of courage and nobility,who risks his freedom–risks his life–for the sake of his friend Huck. Note,too,that it is not just white critics who make this point. Booker T. Washington noted how Twain†succeeded in making his eaders feel a genuine respect for’Jim,'†and pointed out that Twain,in creating Jim’s character,had†exhibited his sympathy and interest in the masses of the negro people. † The great black novelist Ralph Ellison,too,noted how Twain allows Jim’s†dignity and human capacity†to emerge in the novel. â€Å"Huckleberry Finn knew,as did Mark Twain[Ellison wrote],that Jim was not only a slave but a human being[and]a symbol of humanity†¦ and in freeing Jim,Huck makes a bid to free himself of the conventionalized evil taken for civilization by the town†Ã¢â‚¬â€œin other words,of the abomination of slavery itself. In fact,you can search through all of Twain’s writings,not just the thirty-plus volumes of novels,stories,essays,and letters,but also his private correspondence,his posthumous autobiography and his intimate journals,and you’ll be hard put to find a derogatory remark about the black race–and this at a time when crude racial stereotypes were the basic coin of popular fiction,stage comedy,and popular songs. What you find in Twain is the opposite:a lively affection and admiration for black Americans that began when he was still a boy and grew steadily through the years.In a widely praised post-Civil War sketch titled†A True Story,†for example,he wrenchingly evoked the pain of an ex-slave as she recalls being separated from her young son on the auction block, and her joy at discovering him in a black regiment at war’s end. And on those occasions when Twain does venture to compare blacks and whites,the comparison is not conspicuously flattering to the whites. Things like: ?†One of my theories is that the hearts of men are about alike,all over the world,whatever their skin-complexions may be. † ?†Nearly all black and brown skins are beautiful,but a beautiful white skin is rare. ?†There are many humorous things in the world;among them is the white man’s notion that he is less savage than all the other savages. † 2 Methods/Research Design The null hypothesis for this research is that half of the university students study literature will think that there are racial discrimination in the book Huck Finn and others won’t. 1000 students in their third and forth years of university will be the subject. They must never see the book or the movie of Huck Finn. They come from both big cities and rural area. They are divided into four groups.The first two groups(each has 250 students)include the students from big cities,part of them students from rural areas. First,all of them will hear the story of Huck Finn. Then they wi answer relevant questions about the images of Huck Finn in th questionnaires and during the interviews. The questions are about th using method of language,the plot design and the thinking of Huck,et Finally,the movie of Huck Finn will be shown. Students will describe th image of Huck and their views about racial problems in this book According to their answers,different answers will be divided into differen groups.After these works,comes the analyses of the statistics and dat After comparing the answers of the four groups,gives the conclusio whether literary students from big cities and from rural areas have th same opinion of the racial discrimination in this book. As expected,half o them will have the same opinion and half of them won’t. 3 Anticipated Results 3. 1 Time-Table My studies will last more than two years. I decide to spend about 5 hours per month on my studies. I plan to spend the first six month developing my proposal and methodology and completing the literatur review.During this period,I will also attend some relevant courses abou reader’s response theory. Then I will spend about six months i questionnaires and interviews. After that,I plan to spend eight months i analyzing the statistics and data. Finally,four month will be used mainl on the thesis. February 2008–Aug. 2008 *Develop proposal and methodology and complete the literatur review *Attend some relevant courses about reader’s response theory Aug. 2008–Feb. 2009 *Design the questionnaires Collection of official and unofficia statistic Feb. 2009-October 2009 INTERVIEWS October 2009–Feb. 2008 *Analysis the statistics and data *Mainly work on the thesis 3. 2 Anticipated result University students from different countries will have differen opinion on the same thing. As expected,half of them will have the sam opinion and half of them won’t. However,if the result doesn’t suppo my anticipated result,I will try to find the weakness of my researc design,and improve it. Then do the research again and again. If I als can not get the anticipated result,I will accept the result with a scientifi attitude. How to cite Racism in the Adventure of Huckleberry Finn, Papers

Commercial Law of Freddy Foolish and Brilliant Real Estate’s

Question: Discuss about the Commercial Law Freddy Foolish and Brilliant Real Estates. Answer: Issue Based on the case study provided, the following issues can be drawn: Whether the employee Freddy Foolish is liable for the act of negligence? Whether the employer Brilliant Real Estates Management is vicariously liable for the negligence done by the employee? Law The term negligence in its ordinary senses means unable to take proper care of the given task. It could be due to carelessness or lack of care of the given person. Negligence causes harm and it could even lead to death at times. However, the application of negligence is not restricted to death it may also lead to injury (Burrows Burrows, 2016). The injury may be mental or physical in nature. Negligence is caused when someone is unable to take proper care of the said duty (Fletcher, 2015). Negligence in legal term means Breach of duty of taking care causing damages. A person is said to be negligent when he/she is unable to fulfill his/her duty properly. Negligence leads to permanent damages, temporary damages, even death (Rai, Acharya Dave, 2013). For instance, if person digs out a part of road just in front of the main road where some other person resides just to put a pipeline for his kitchen can be declared as an act of negligence. After completion of his work the person leaves the hole as it is without filling it. A child while crossing the road fell inside the whole causing serious injury. The person is liable for negligence in tort (Haripriya Haripriya, 2014). There are four basic elements for Negligence, viz, Duty Breach of duty Breach causing injury Damages Each of the elements are explained below: Duty: It is the relation between the Plaintiff and the Defendant. It is the duty of the Defendant towards the plaintiff. This duty is generated automatically once the law recognizes a relationship among the defendant and the plaintiff (Robertson, 2013). For example, if any person is working on the road, for example, cleaning the manholes it the duty of the authorized person to put a caution sign board for the safety of others. Is he fails to put it and due to that any harm is caused he is said to charge of negligence. Breach of duty: A defendant is legally responsible for negligence if he fails to complete his duty toward his plaintiff. He is said have done BREACH if he does not show reasonable care to the authorized task. He is even liable to be penalize for failure to fulfill his duty (Fulbrook, 2017). Breach causing injury: This could be stated once the negligence caused by the defendant actually causes injury to the plaintiff. The action of the defendant must cause injury to the plaintiff. For example while loading a truck with sacs of cotton a child was hurt causing injury to his face and head as a loaded sack fell upon him.This an act of negligence (Abraham, 2017). Damages: At certain situations when a person is found guilty of his negligence he is liable to pay damages for the injury is caused because of him. Damages leads to compensation depending upon the amount of injury (Zipursky, 2015). Application The law of tort in New Zealand is prepared in the court only in the court only. They do not follow the US law so they prefer to make their own laws. The natural law does not give any remedy to these facts so they have made their own laws for the betterment of the company (Osborne, 2015). Negligence in other words is the breach caused to the duty given. There are very common incidents related to the breach is vehicle accidents, civil cases, accidents caused to the visitors. The following situations can be held for negligence : A person recklessly driving in an busy street causing injury to many pedestrians A doctor negligently operation the left arm of a patient instead of right arm A car driver hits a pedestrian accidently while driving and caused damages to eggs that he was carrying with him. Almost 350 eggs got damaged. Both the car driver and owner are liable for the negligence caused and the owner is liable to pay damages. In the given case study as well, there has been many instances wherein Freddie was negligent as one of the employees of Brilliant Estate Ltd. As a man of ordinary prudence, he had the responsibility to take preventive measures from the happening of the accident. However, he failed to abide by his duty and he breached his duty of care. As a result of his negligent act, the driver of the car, Danny Dorito suffered a head injury. Freddie Foolish did not place any cones neither did he put up any safety barriers to block the area around where he was working. Thus, it can be said that he did not take any action for preventing the accident from happening. Intentional tort for employees includes the following: assault battery theft fraud Vicarious liability In tort vicarious liability means the employer is also responsible for any negligence done by the employee in the course of his employment causing serious injury to others. It is a strict liability. Vicarious liability means holding the responsibility of any act of negligence done by someone . It is the act done by any employee during the course of his employment. The element of vicarious liability is that the employee or the person who did the negligence need to show the agreement that he has been authorized by his employer for that act to be done during his course of employment. In the given case study as well, the employer of Freddie, that is Brilliant Estate Ltd will be held vicariously liable for his negligent action as the action took place during the course of his employment. Case references Donoghue v Stevenson (1932)AC562(HL) In this case the decision was held by the House of Lords. It was stated that one must be more careful toward other as it their duty to take care of it. This case is also known as snail in the bottle case. The fact of the case was that Ms. Donoghue bought a bottle of ginger beer . After she consumed the ginger beer a dead snail was found inside the bottle. So after consuming that drink she fell ill and sued the owner of the ginger beer mr. Stevenson. It was decided by the house of lords that it is the fault of the ginger beer company . It is their duty to check every production done by them. They are held for their negligence. Due to consumption of the ginger beer the consumer ms.donoghue fell ill, physical damage was caused to her. Other case references: In the case of Limpus V. London General Omnibus Company, he was working according to his employer. His duty was to deliver milk and that is what he was doing only. It was not his fault , his employer employed him for that work knowing the drawbacks of it. In the case of Blyth V Birmingham Waterworks it was held that negligence is a act of doing any work with or without the guidance of a second or more person or persons. It is basically the behavior and conduct of the person. Negligence is something a man can not do with out the instigation of others. It depends upon the human behavior. Conclusion: Thus going through the applicable law it can be concluded that both Freddy Foolish and the Brilliant Real Estates Management are liable the damages they caused and they are bound to pay damages. References: Abraham, K. (2017).The forms and functions of tort law. 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Robertson, A. (2013). On the Function of the Law of Negligence.Oxford Journal of Legal Studies,33(1), 31-57. Zipursky, B. C. (2015). Reasonableness in and out of Negligence Law.